Construction Materials

Building construction materials range from age-old brick to 20th century steel and can be used to build home, offices, skyscrapers, as well as engineering projects like creating roads, bridges and railways. The following is an outline of materials for construction that are most commonly used.

Bricks

Bricks are construction materials that most often are made from clay (soft mud), though bricks also may be carved from stone. Clay is ground and mixed with sand, then mixed with water and poured into metallic moulds, and then baked in kilns to produce bricks. Chemical and mineral content influences the colours that brick assume. Bricks are plastered and bonded in patterns, for construction of buildings and walls, and for various purposes in which fireproofing is required.

Concrete

Wet cement hardens into concrete, a building material used to pave streets, erect bridges and construct buildings. Concrete also is used as foundation reinforcement for fences, poles and similar purposes. Concrete is weak in tension, which causes cracking, and researchers are constantly searching for ways to make concrete more durable.

Asphalt

Asphalt is a construction material derived from crude petroleum, sticky and black, most commonly poured and pressed on top of concrete in road construction.

Blocks

Construction blocks, most often made from cast concrete, are rectangular in shape and roughly the size of a large breadbox, with large square holes. Concrete blocks most often are used for load-bearing walls in building construction, combined with steel I-beams, and then finished with siding, brickwork or stucco.

Wood

Historical tradition and natural beauty continue to rank wood as a popular construction material, despite the challenges caused by warping and rot through moisture absorption. Even with trends toward prefabricated construction materials carpenters ply their trade with hardwood panels, fasteners and nails. Wood allows carpenters to employ joists and beams to shape necessary adjustments in everything from building frames, to staircases and porch steps.

Drywall

Interior walls and ceilings are constructed from panels of gypsum plaster, a process known as drywall construction. With the use of drywall plasterboard panels, building construction workers no longer must repeatedly apply the gypsum plaster in layers, resulting in speedier construction.

Insulation

Building insulation most commonly is viewed in terms of thermal insulation, to help keep the structure warm in winter and cool in summer. However, buildings also may be insulated for sound, structural stability and fire protection. Common insulation materials are cellulose, glass wool, polystyrene and urethane foam.

Roofing

Construction materials for roofing include thatch (plant stalks), hardwood, slate, stone slabs, ceramic tile, concrete, asphalt and corrosion-proof metals.

Steel

Examples of building construction involving steel include warehouses, mobile homes and storage sheds. Many structures, especially skyscrapers, are built with steel frames and foundations.  Steel is also used for supporting beams / lintels in many houses.

Content by Michael Thompson.

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- T Brooker & Sons Ltd in Hitchin, East of England|South East, SG4 0SB
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